{
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  "sourcesContent": ["import{jsx as e,jsxs as t}from\"react/jsx-runtime\";import{ComponentPresetsConsumer as n,Link as a}from\"framer\";import{motion as i}from\"framer-motion\";import*as r from\"react\";import{Youtube as o}from\"https://framerusercontent.com/modules/NEd4VmDdsxM3StIUbddO/1de6WpgIbCrKkRcPfQcW/YouTube.js\";export const richText=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://naritabahra.com/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!0,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Narita Bahra KC\"})}),\"\\xa0Has Been Nominated As A Finalist In British Sikh Awards 2024. Narita Bahra KC Speaks With \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/harsimran-chohan-2074201b6/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!0,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Harsimran Kaur Chohan\"})}),\"\\xa0about her carer and faith.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"\u201CDespite many obstacles, Bahra KC\u2019s unrivaled passion and hunger ensured she rose through the ranks. She became a Queen\u2019s Counsel in 2019. Since her appointment, Bahra KC is a recognized Tier 1 King\u2019s Counsel and a Director in Garrick Law. Her foundation of work and faith espouses fighting for equality, fairness, and empowering others. Bahra KC stands tall with confidence in a profession where her identity and diverse characteristics have not always been valued.\u201D\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"\u201CBahra KC is now recognised nationally due to her work as a legal correspondent for the media. Bahra KC commands respect, unapologetically navigating a predominantly non-diverse and male environment, outworking the doubts and impositions of those around her. She has truly redefined the idea of beating the odds.\u201D\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"\u201CBahra KC wears her background, faith and culture with pride, as in her opinion, it is the only way to change the narrative that perpetuates an unsustainable balancing act for women in the profession. Bahra KC notes that the legal profession still has work to do on diversity and retention issues. She is proud her firm, Garrick Law, is composed of 80% women. However, Bahra KC reminds us that her task is far from over and in fact has simply just begun.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"\u201CThe first lesson is, it takes you thrice as long to get there so don\u2019t feel like an imposter on arrival. Once offered a seat at the table, do not apologize, know your worth, just accept your seat with grace.\u201D \u2013 Narita Bahra KC\u201D\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"\u201C\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://garricklaw.com/meet-the-team/narita-bahra-kc/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!0,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Narita Bahra KC\"})}),\"\\xa0is a force to be reckoned with within the legal profession, she embodies the core values of Sikhism and is a champion of women.\u201D\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://sikhsinlaw.co.uk/sikhs-in-silk-narita-bahra-kc/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!0,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Click here\"})}),\"\\xa0to read Harsimran\u2019s article in full.\"]})]});export const richText1=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Narita Bahra Secures Lesser Sentence For Client Charged In Encrochat & Money Laundering Case\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://naritabahra.com/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Narita Bahra KC\"})}),\" leading Gordon Carse secured the best outcome for their client, namely a Sentence which was 2/3 less than the other individuals in the operation, who pleaded guilty, on an earlier date. The instruction of a respected Drug Expert Witness, a negotiated basis of plea and a full mitigation package was pivotal in achieving this result. The defence Drug Expert report resulted in Prosecution concessions regarding reduction of the weight of the drugs involved, that messages revealed that deals were not completed and that other messages were open to innocent interpretation. Further double counting in purported transactions were identified.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The client was delighted as after serving his sentence, the client will be in a position to rebuild their life with their young family.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC and Gordon Carse were instructed by Simon Omeara at Reeds Solicitors.\"})]});export const richText2=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://naritabahra.com/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Narita Bahra KC\"})}),\" and \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.33knowledge.com/rachel-ferrari\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Rachel Ferrari\"})}),\" of \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.33knowledge.com/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"33 Chancery Lane\"})}),\" secure acquittal of a vulnerable mother, with severe physical impairment, learning difficulties and a mental age under 12, \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://garricklaw.com/criminal-law/serious-criminal-offences/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"charged with murder\"})}),\".\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.33knowledge.com/narita-bahra-qc\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Narita Bahra KC\"})}),\" and Rachel Ferrari of 33 Chancery Lane were instructed by Simone Sahota at Sahota & Sahota Solicitors.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.grangepsychologicalservices.org.uk/dr-harry-wood/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Dr Harry Wood\"})}),\" works independently through Grange Psychological Services.\"]})]});export const richText3=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"A television series \u2018The Lady Killers\u2019 focuses on recent court cases of women convicted of murder. Episode 4 features a Sikh female, Lakhvir Singh who was involved in an affair of 16 years which resulted in a love triangle, which in turn led to the murder of her lover. The method of killing resulted in the tabloids dubbing Lakhvir Singh \u201CThe Curry Killer\u201D.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"In this documentary Narita provides a criminal defence perspective to this exceptionally unusual case. The case not only involved an unusual method of killing but the religious and cultural aspects behind the murder were key to understanding how the incident occurred. Narita was asked to deploy her understanding of arranged marriages, extended families and tenants of life honour to provide an insight into this case.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The programme is available on Quest Red channel (Sky 149). Alternatively, it is available to view on the following \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.dplay.co.uk/show/the-lady-killers/video/singh/EHD_283808B\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"em\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"link\"})})})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"em\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\".\"})})]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Contact Narita Bahra KC \"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"If you find yourself dealing with a legal matter that requires expert advocacy and experience in the nuances of particular areas of law reach out today.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita regular appears as an expert commentator, analyst and subject matter expert for periodicals, radio and television.\\xa0 To contact Narita for an appearance, feature or interview please email.\"})]});export const richText4=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC and Catherine Collins Mitigate Sentencing for Sean and Shiza Harper in High-Profile Case\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.garricklaw.com/narita-bahra-kc\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!0,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Narita Bahra KC\"})}),\" and \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.33knowledge.com/catherine-collins\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!0,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Catherine Collins\"})}),\" were instructed by ZMS Solicitors to mitigate sentencing on behalf of Sean and Shiza Harper, who were convicted of conspiracy to kidnap and conspiracy to falsely imprison a Senior Coroner.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"About The Case\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"This case attracted significant media coverage from the \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce8vddmjl01o\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!0,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"BBC\"})}),\", \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://news.sky.com/story/cult-members-who-wanted-to-construct-own-legal-system-jailed-for-coroner-kidnap-plot-13241163\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!0,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Sky News\"})}),\", \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/middle-class-cultists-jailed-for-trying-to-kidnap-coroner-zqh6m708q\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!0,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"The Times\"})}),\", and \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/cult-leader-coroner-kidnap-sentencing-b2636868.html\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!0,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"The Independent\"})}),\".\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Appearing before Mr. Justice Goss at the sentencing hearing, Bahra KC and Collins represented the Harpers, who had initially defended themselves as litigants in person during their trial. Through comprehensive written and oral advocacy, they advanced arguments demonstrating that the Harpers had been groomed by the primary defendant, who exploited their respective vulnerabilities.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The Court acknowledged this mitigating evidence, recognising the Harpers as victims of manipulation. This was reflected in the sentencing remarks, which \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://news.sky.com/video/moment-four-cult-members-jailed-for-conspiracy-to-kidnap-a-coroner-13243548\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!0,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"were televised\"})}),\" due to the case\u2019s gravity and highlighted the defence team\u2019s successful mitigation efforts.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"br\",{className:\"trailing-break\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"div\",{className:\"framer-text-module\",style:{\"--aspect-ratio\":\"560 / 315\",aspectRatio:\"560 / 315\",height:\"auto\",width:\"100%\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(n,{componentIdentifier:\"module:NEd4VmDdsxM3StIUbddO/1de6WpgIbCrKkRcPfQcW/YouTube.js:Youtube\",children:t=>/*#__PURE__*/e(o,{...t,play:\"Loop\",shouldMute:!1,thumbnail:\"Medium Quality\",url:\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBC-gjvCOw4\"})})})]});export const richText5=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC was instructed to defend an employee of Royal Mail Revenue Protection Department who was alleged to have assisted a Company to defraud the Royal Mail of approximately \\xa333 million pounds of revenue fraud and of attempting to pervert the course of justice.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The prosecution relied in the main upon a witness, the owner and controlling mind of the Company which had perpetrated the fraud, who gave Queen\u2019s Evidence to seek to secure convictions against four Royal Mail employees.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Private prosecutions are an extremely valuable power for Royal Mail, who have confirmed their intention to crack down and pursue offenders via Private prosecutions instead of traditional reliance on the Crown Prosecution Service.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Private prosecutions can be commenced by any private individual, or entity who/which is not acting on behalf of the police or other prosecuting authority.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Crown sought to rely on a combination of CCTV footage, cell site, digital media and telephone evidence to secure a conviction against the client.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"At trial, at the close of the prosecution case, Narita and Tom succeeded in persuading the Prosecution and the Judge that there was no case to answer against their client on the charges faced; not guilty verdicts were therefore received from the Jury.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The trial for the co-defendants continued.\"})]});export const richText6=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (\u2018DBEIS\u2019) brought a criminal prosecution against their client who had run an initially successful company, which then went into liquidation, owing creditors in the region of \\xa32.9m.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The DBEIS is\\xa0the Government department responsible for economic growth, incorporating business, industrial strategy, science, innovation, energy, and climate change.\\xa0 Since January 2017, criminal prosecutions have been conducted by the Insolvency Service, an executive agency of DBEIS.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The prosecution in this case, brought proceedings under the Insolvency Act 1986 alleging 1) the falsification of company books and 2) misconduct during the course of the winding-up of the company.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The\\xa0\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/insolvency-service-criminal-enforcement-team\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Insolvency Service criminal enforcement team\"})}),\"\\xa0identifies and prosecutes fraud in companies by prosecuting breaches of Insolvency and Company Law.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Once DBEIS accept a complaint about alleged criminality by a bankrupt or relating to the affairs of a limited company, Investigating Officers will conduct a criminal investigation \u2013 gathering evidence and taking witness statements \u2013 or may refer the case to other regulatory agencies for enforcement.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Individuals under investigation will usually be invited to an interview under caution. They are entitled to legal representation.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"A DBEIS lawyer then applies the Code for Crown Prosecutors and assess whether there is enough evidence against the individual to provide a realistic prospect of conviction, and, if so, whether it is in the public interest for the prosecution to be brought.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"If DBEIS is successful, save for exceptional circumstances, a confiscation order (under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002) and a director\u2019s disqualification order (under the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986) will usually follow a conviction.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Public scrutiny of government agencies\u2019 apparent \u2018light-touch\u2019 regulation of white-collar offending means there is an increasing pressure on government agencies to bring criminal prosecutions. According to DBEIS\u2019s figures, 97 individuals were successfully prosecuted between April 2016 and March 2017, with 63 of those receiving custodial sentences.\"})]});export const richText7=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Murder\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"R v S\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"Narita was instructed to defend in a\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/leicester-news/three-trial-murder-21-year-4628898\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\" Murder trial\"})}),\" where the prosecution sought to rely upon a Drill Rap which they alleged amounted to a factually accurate account of events which occurred before and after a fatal stabbing.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The prosecution sought to rely upon an expert to controversially interpret the drill rap. Post Narita\u2019s cross-examination it transpired that the expertise of the prosecution expert was limited to linguistic interpretation of urban slang. The defence identified and instructed an expert who specialised in policing and criminalisation of black music subcultures, the rap on trial project and in particular grime and drill music. It became clear, post challenge, that drill lyrics can be fact, fiction or a combination of both. However, it would be unsafe to rely upon the lyrics as factually accurate.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Drill rap has a growing appeal with millions of YouTube hits. Its criminalisation is a highly topical issue, such as the case of Digga D.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita\u2019s team understood the provenance and background to rap and were able to mount a proper legal challenge to the material, to ensure that it is not given adverse weight.\"})]});export const richText8=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Disclosure / Serious Crime\\xa0\\xa0\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Human Trafficking trial collapses due to wholesale disclosure failings uncovered by Narita\u2019s focused requests for disclosure, post nine days of evidence, extensive legal argument on disclosure and abuse of process. The Prosecution conceded evidence existed which significantly undermined the case and offered no evidence, on all counts indicted against Narita\u2019s client.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The case attracted widespread media coverage, demonstrating the devastating impact prosecutorial negligence can have on the lives of defendants; The client had spent 13 months in custody, during which time she gave birth to a son with a genetic disorder. She was forced to give birth without the support of her partner or family and her son spent the first five months of his life in HMP Bronzefield.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"At the conclusion of the case the judge ordered an inquiry into why there had been a \u2018wholesale failure and serious errors\u2019 on the part of the prosecution to deal with disclosure properly and that oversight and review of disclosure by the CPS had been lacking.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Deputy Chief Crown Prosecutor Malcolm McHaffie accepted the CPS had fallen short in this case and apologised to the Court. He indicated an independent review into the case had been launched and would be provided to the DPP as well as the Court in an effort to identify what went wrong and ensure mistakes were not repeated.\"})]});export const richText9=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Fraud\\xa0\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Hawala & Money Laundering\\xa0\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita successfully defended in an International 11 million pound money laundering trial, The defence advanced was Hawala Banking; namely that the client had no knowledge or suspicion that monies were criminal and that transactions had the appearance of genuine hawala transfers. The case relied upon expert evidence.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"h3\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Hawala Money Transfer Systems: Debunking the Presumption of Illegitimacy\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"h3\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC & Dr Jonathan Ercanbrack\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"Modern financial markets are not usually associated with non-existent audit trails, minimised documentation and transactions undertaken on the basis of trust alone. In fact, just the opposite is the case as extensive contractual documentation, money laundering regulations and auditing characterises the highly regulated nature of modern financial practices. It may come as a big surprise then that hawala, an ancient transaction used to finance trade worldwide reflects these informal or unregulated characteristics. It is the unregulated nature of hawala (depending on the jurisdiction), however, which has led to an unfortunate presumption that the practice is primarily used to transfer or camouflage illegitimate funds. While hawala in some jurisdictions has been susceptible to money laundering and terrorist financing, the financial practice is also a vital means of poverty alleviation and financial inclusion in those countries in which remittances are the lifeblood of the economy.\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftn1\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[1]\"})}),\" Furthermore, there is no evidence that hawala is used more often for illegitimate purposes. Incidences of money laundering and criminal financing regularly surface in multinational financial institutions, despite the vast array of regulatory requirements and disclosures to which they are subject.\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftn2\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[2]\"})})]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"Hawala is an age-old financial practice that most likely originated in the Near and Middle East over a thousand year ago, but which has also flourished throughout East Asia (there the practice is known as fei-ch\u2019ien or \u2018flying money\u2019), South Asia (where it is known as hundi) and Afghanistan (where it is known hundi or havaladar) and Africa (hawala). Hawala\u2019s varied nomenclature belies some common characteristics that typify why hawala remains attractive to migrant workers and other unbanked populations, who, increasingly, wish to send home remittances,\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftn3\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[3]\"})}),\" and/or prefer to deal with trusted persons from their own ethnic or tribal community when engaging in trade and finance. First and foremost, hawala is cheap. It outperforms formal money transfer businesses by around 25-50%, where the average global cost of sending $200 is 7%. It\u2019s also remarkably quick \u2013 money can be remitted within hours across the globe \u2013 unlike banks which sometimes require up to a week for the money to arrive. Third, hawala involves hawala transfer agents (hawaladars), who often originate from the remitter\u2019s ethnic or tribal community. Familial, ethnic and social affiliation underlies the relationships of trust upon which the efficacy of the system relies. Familiar persons can be trusted to remit the funds to family overseas in the absence of contractual undertakings. One reason for this is that breach of trust is tantamount to an economic death sentence or social exclusion from the community for the breaching hawaladar. Further, formal money transfer businesses require identification documents and other regulatory compliance which can seem threatening to persons who may have immigration problems (they may reside in the country illegally) or other concerns related to their sometimes, traumatic experience with public authorities in their home countries. There is a tendency in some ethnic minority communities to shy away from formal institutions, irrespective of their particular function or nature. Finally, formal financial institutions in remittance-receiving countries may not exist or are difficult to access, making hawala a necessity in such countries.\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftn4\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[4]\"})})]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"It is often assumed that hawala is prima facie unlawful, but, arguably, this perspective reflects a somewhat narrow, western-derived legal orientation that views transactions as suspicious when these are undertaken in the absence of regulatory or contractual control. Even in advanced economies, the use of legal planning, particularly in relation to dispute resolution, are settled without reference to potential or actual sanctions. Further, \u2018many if not most business exchanges reflect no planning or only a minimal amount of it, especially concerning legal sanctions and the effect of defective performances.\u2019\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftn5\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[5]\"})}),\" Perhaps then hawala represents a culturally and socially determined mode of financing trade and commerce that in some respects is not wholly different from conventional business practices.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The Financial Action Taskforce, an independent inter-governmental body, has produced an influential report on hawala in which it categorises hawala into three separate categories: namely, legitimate, hybrid and criminal.\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftn6\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[6]\"})}),\"These categorisations are based on whether hawala is used for lawful or unlawful purposes but fail to distinguish the fact that the mechanisms of hawala, irrespective of the lawfulness of the parties\u2019 intentions to these transactions, are similar if not the same. Categorisation of hawala is merely a heuristic, meant to separate the legitimate from the illegitimate, but it is rarely a useful one when it is a fact that most transactions resemble one another. Indeed, most transactions are of a low value (in the hundreds) and are thus not usually reportable according to the jurisdiction\u2019s money laundering regulations (MLRs). Contrary to the rationale of this type of reporting requirement, prosecutors often claim that low value transactions are a means to evade MLRs without considering the possible origins of the money or the fact that persons remitting funds informally generally have lower incomes and thus less money to remit.\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftn7\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[7]\"})}),\" On the other hand, large value transactions, are seen as particularly suspicious (and reportable), even though these transactions are more commonly transmitted via formally regulated money service businesses. So-called consolidating hawaladars, who act as wholesale dealers for a number of hawala money transfer agents, send sums as large as $100,000 overseas on a daily basis. This is a much less costly mode of transfer than dealing with numerous small amounts, both incoming and outgoing, directed toward recipients in multiple continents. More often than not, regulated financial institutions are involved in the transfer of these sums, if not wholly, than at some stage of the series of offsetting transactions.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"Despite the many benefits of hawala, the vulnerability of the financing mechanism to money laundering and terrorist financing requires regulation, albeit in a manner which promotes financial inclusion and a formalisation of the remittance market with its attendant benefits. On an international basis, this involves regulating hawala providers in the same way as other money service businesses. This involves regulated firms carrying out customer due diligence, identity verification, suspicious transaction reporting, recordkeeping, training, compliance officers, and internal control requirements.\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftn8\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[8]\"})}),\" More research is needed to determine whether the same regulatory burden is conducive to formalising the informal remittance market and what could be done differently so as to achieve this objective. Arguably, however, international cooperation is necessary for the formalisation of the remittance market. This is because hawala thrives in regions where formal financial institutions function poorly, where macroeconomic conditions are poor or where significant distortions exist in payment systems or foreign exchange markets. This latter factor involves large margins between official exchange rates and the unofficial rate as offered in the black market. Hawala thrives in these situations by including people financially, who would otherwise be excluded from the financial system or who would bear excessive costs to access the financial system. In some cases, hawala is the only alternative.\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftn9\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[9]\"})})]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Hawala is here to stay until these underlying incentives are removed. Regulation of hawala is important and necessary. However, hawala should not be stereotyped as a criminal financing mechanism. On the contrary, efforts should be made to develop a light touch regulatory framework for low value remittances, which help to alleviate poverty and empower vulnerable people financially.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftnref1\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[1]\"})}),\" For example, in Sri Lanka, where workers\u2019 remittances are the highest in South Asia, overseas remittances account for 20.7 per cent of total income of recipient households. Remittances have exceeded foreign direct investment inflows by two to three times and are double the net receipt of foreign assistance. See Ayako Kageyama, \u2018Extent of Poverty Alleviation by Migrant Remittances in Sri Lanka\u2019 28(1) (2008) South Asia Research 89, 97. A large portion of these totals are thought to be comprised of informal remittances.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftnref2\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[2]\"})}),\" Consider what some are calling the largest money laundering scandal in history involving Danske Bank. See Juliette Garside, \u2018Is Money-Laundering Scandal at Danske Bank the Largest Scandal at Danske Bank the Largest in History?\u2019 (\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/sep/21/is-money-laundering-scandal-at-danske-bank-the-largest-in-history\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"The Guardian, 21 September 2018\"})}),\") accessed 3 November 2019.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftnref3\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[3]\"})}),\" Cross-border remittances totalled $344 billion in 2018 and are now expected to exceed Foreign Direct Investment inflows. See The World Bank, \u2018Record High Remittances Sent Globally in 2018\u2019 (\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2019/04/08/record-high-remittances-sent-globally-in-2018\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"The World Bank, 8 April 2019\"})}),\") accessed 16 July 2019.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftnref4\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[4]\"})}),\" Afghanistan is a good example. A 2005 World Bank study estimated that 80 to 90 per cent of Afghanistan\u2019s economic activity at that time was facilitated by hawala.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftnref5\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[5]\"})}),\" Stewart Macaulay, \u2018Non-Contractual Relations in Business: A Preliminary Study\u2019 28(1) (1963) American Sociological Review 55, 60.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftnref6\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[6]\"})}),\" Financial Action Taskforce, \u2018The Role of Hawala and Other Similar Service Providers in Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing\u2019 (FATF, October 2013).\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftnref7\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[7]\"})}),\" Anneke Kosse and Robert Vermeulen, \u201CMigrants\u2019 Choice of Remittance Channel: Do General Payment Habits Play a Role?\u201D (European Central Bank, Working Paper Series No. 1683, June 2014) 3.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftnref8\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[8]\"})}),\" Financial Action Taskforce (n 7) 49.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/2019/11/19/narita-bahra-qc-successfully-defended-in-11m-money-laundering-trial/?_rt=M3wxfG5hcml0YSBiYWhyYXwxNzM3NjQwNjAz&_rt_nonce=3a1d192dd3#_ftnref9\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"[9]\"})})})]});export const richText10=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra acts for client in Aylesbury Child Sex Ring Trial\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/barristers/narita-bahra/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Narita Bahra\"})}),\" has successfully defended as leading Counsel in the Aylesbury Child Sex Abuse Trial.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Eleven defendants were tried on a fifty-one count Indictment. Narita\u2019s client was one of two defendants who faced allegations by all complainants.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"All 11 men went trial for 51 offences between 2006 and 2012 including multiple rape of a child under 13, child prostitution and administering a substance to \u201Cstupefy\u201D a girl in order to engage in sexual activity.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Both victims came from troubled backgrounds and wanted to feel grown-up when they were befriended by the men, who groomed them by showering them with inexpensive gifts such as alcohol, DVDs, food and occasionally drugs.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"While aged just 12 or 13, one of the vulnerable girls, known in the trial as A, was passed between 60 mainly Asian men for sex after being conditioned into thinking it was normal behaviour, jurors were told.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Many of the defendants were friends from the Aylesbury area. Some were married and had children, with some working on the market and a few working as taxi drivers.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita and her junior mastered all of the evidence and unused material in order to make a series of successful legal submissions. Narita\u2019s skillful, focused and deft cross examination resulted in all substantive counts against her client being discharged at the close of the prosecution case. This resulted in only one count being left to the jury to deliberate upon.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"http://www.abvsolicitors.co.uk/the-team/directors/akhtar-ahmad/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Akhtar Ahmad\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"http://www.abvsolicitors.co.uk/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"ABV Solicitors\"})})]})]});export const richText11=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC marked First 100 Years by becoming the first Female Criminal Silk to Begin the \u201CLethbridge Gloves\u201D Tradition on Silks Day on 11 March 2019.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/barristers/narita-bahra/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Narita Bahra KC\"})}),\" was honoured to carry with her a pair of white silk gloves to the Silks swearing in ceremony, to mark the centenary this year of women being allowed to enter the legal profession.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The gloves also pay tribute to the criminal barrister Nemone Lethbridge, who was not able to become a silk. Now in her 80s, Lethbridge represented the infamous Kray twins in their early days. But was forced to leave the Bar for almost 20 years after it\\xa0 became public that she was married to a convicted murderer \u2014 Jimmy \u201CGinger\u201D O\u2019Connor.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Nemone Lethbridge sent a message to accompany the gloves, reading: \u201CCongratulations centenary silk! Onwards and upwards forever! With love and admiration!\u201D\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"Narita Bahra KC\u2019s portrait was issued in\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"http://nuk-tnl-deck-email.s3.amazonaws.com/213/96dc193d7a9ab734f072c7d831cb281a.html\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\" The Times\"})}),\": \u201CIt was an absolute honour to carry the gloves, I never thought that I \u2014 an Asian woman from a state school \u2014 would be taking silk\u201D.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"Nemone explained in a\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0027l20\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\" recent episode of Desert Island\"})}),\", that Narita\u2019s wearing of the gloves marked a new tradition, from therein, where they are now handed over to a new female criminal silk annually to keep Nemone\u2019s story alive.\"]})]});export const richText12=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Serious Crime\\xa0\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Drugs Conspiracies & Encrochat\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"R v AP\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC secured acquittals for her client dubbed \u201CThe Master Mind\u201D in three multi handed drugs conspiracies, involving encrypted telephones.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Prosecution alleged the client was the leading figure in three separate drugs conspiracies; arranging the exportation, production and supply of Class A, B and C drugs through prestigious universities. The Crown alleged that the drugs were supplied in UK universities and flown out of the UK in private jets for young high net worth purchasers.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The co-defendants were tried a year before, given the police were unable to locate the client internationally, at the time of the original two trials. Narita acted for the clientwhen he voluntarily surrendered himself years later, after having secured acquittals for a co-defendant (dubbed second in command) in the earlier trial.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Crown sought to rely on a combination of encrypted telephones, cell site, digital media, telephone and DNA evidence to secure a conviction against the client.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"After extensive preparation and representations by the defence team, the prosecution conceded the written dismissal application and agreed to Offer No Evidence against their client. Not Guilty verdicts were entered on all counts.\"})]});export const richText13=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Disclosure / Fraud\\xa0\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"R v SS\\xa0\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Major Carbon Credit & Diamond trial collapses after Narita exposed fundamental disclosure failings.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Prosecution brought against 8 defendants for an alleged fraud involving the sale of carbon credits for the purposes of investment. The client asserted that he believed that there was a viable market for carbon credits and that the value of the credits would rise.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The trial collapsed as a result of the prosecution\u2019s reliance on an expert witness, Andrew Ager and disclosure failings. The prosecution asserted that Mr. Ager was an expert in the carbon credits market and relied upon him to secure convictions in over 20 earlier, multi handed trials.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita\u2019s cross-examination of the expert witness, uncovered startling facts and admissions, which made it clear that Mr. Ager\u2019s evidence was incapable of any independent review, quite apart from his evident unsuitability as an expert witness. At the conclusion of the voir dire the prosecution confirmed that they abandoned Mr. Ager and that he had been removed from the National Crime Agency\u2019s list of approved experts. The trial judge commented that Mr. Ager should never be permitted to give expert evidence again.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"As a result of Narita\u2019s cross-examination of the purported expert, the safety of the convictions in every previous carbon credits prosecution was reviewed.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita was instructed to act on behalf of those who appealed earlier convictions, based on the purported expert\u2019s evidence.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The case received extensive media coverage:\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/fraud-convictions-in-doubt-as-expert-witness-shown-to-have-no-qualifications-jbscsvd7p\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"The Times\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/05/29/35million-diamond-scam-case-collapses-cps-star-witness-discredited/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"The Telegraph\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-48444605\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"The BBC\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7084429/Fraud-trials-collapse-expert-witness-revealed-no-academic-qualifications.html\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Daily Mail\"})})]})]});export const richText14=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra regularly appears in the media, as a legal commentator to to discuss the importance of identifying Disclosure Failings in criminal cases.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita has been involved in numerous high profile cases where disclosure failings have been identified and ultimately, resulted in the collapse of the case.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"By way of example, Narita was instructed to act for a client accused of a HMRC tax and pension cheat. Narita\\xa0 identified material failings in the disclosure exercise and it transpired that a case officer withheld material to everyone until the last day of the prosecution case. The Court refused to grant the Prosecution further time to remedy the litany of disclosure failings.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0b4yzys\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"BBC Radio 4.\"})})})]});export const richText15=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Sexual Offences & Harassment\\xa0\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC is highly skilled in defending high profile and high networth clients charged with Rape and other Sexual Offences.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita\u2019s excellence and experience in defending cases with an international dimension, results in regular instruction to provide legal commentary for High Profile cases; One such example was the Harvey Weinstein Allegations. Narita Bahra Kc led a discussion on Sky News Breakfast Show commenting from a defence perspective on the Harvey Weinstein allegations made by seven UK complainants.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita was invited to discuss the impact of allegations being disclosed to the media before UK authorities. Narita highlighted why all accused must be entitled to a fair trial, especially those in the public eye. Narita\u2019s experience of managing adverse publicity, enabled her to succinctly highlight the distinctions and dangers arising between trial by the court of Social Media and a court of Law. 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The client\u2019s previous team had not identified the sentencing error.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Court of Appeal noted that although the difference in this case was capable of clarification, the rules on minimum terms may cause greater controversy and concern in other cases. The Court warned both courts and advocates to be sensitive to the different release regimes that apply to different types of offences.\\xa0\"})]});export const richText19=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Fraud/ Money Laundering\\xa0\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC acted for the lead client tried on 78 million pound Money Laundering Conspiracy.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The factual matrix was highly unusual and complex: the prosecution alleged the organised crime group used unwitting regulated international money exchange bureaus to launder millions. The police located and uncovered the factory at which the funds were being laundered.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The case resulted in HMRC issuing publicised guidance that that the onus fell upon businesses at risk to implement anti-money laundering measures based on a \u2018risk-based\u2019 approach and assessment, namely; identify the money laundering risks that are relevant to their business; carry out a detailed risk assessment of their business, focusing on customer behaviour; delivery channels and so on, design and put in place controls to manage and reduce the impact of these risks; monitor the controls and improve their efficiency; keep records of what customer did and what business did.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Each business will need to consider: the types of customer they have; where the customers are based; assess customers\u2019 behaviour; how customers come to their business; the products they sell or the services they offer; their delivery channels and payment processes, for example cash over the counter, cheques, electronic transfers or wire transfers; where customers\u2019 funds come from or go to.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The onus falls upon each business to report suspicious money laundering and/or terrorist financing, and obtain consent from them to continue with the transaction.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita secured the best outcome for her client, by limiting accepted involvement to a substantially lesser sum.\\xa0\"})]});export const richText20=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"Serious Crime\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"International Drugs Conspiracy\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"R v AA\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC secure acquittals in series of international and national drugs conspiracies.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita\u2019s client was indicted as the first defendant in a multi handed trial. The client was facing a custodial sentence in excess of 20 years, if convicted.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Shortly before the trial the prosecution \u2018cracked\u2019 the client\u2019s locked digital devices. Defence disclosure requests met with opposition in the form of Public Interest Immunity applications.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita succeeded in excluding evidence obtained from the unlocked phones on the grounds of unfairness and prejudice to her client. Defence representations resulted in a review and the Prosecution offered no evidence against Narita\u2019s client. 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Up until this point the police had deemed the footage as containing \u2018nothing of interest\u2019.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The case demonstrates why it is imperative to capture any real or direct evidence, as soon as practicable, in rape or sexual allegations, given the sole evidence of the offending usually emanates from the complainant alone. The evidence of a complainant is deemed in the UK courts sufficient to stand alone to secure a conviction. Corroborating evidence is not necessary.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"In this case the complainant was personable, presentable and convincingly maintained to the jury that following the alleged sexual attack, their demeanor was hysterical and sobbing. The CCTV footage disclosed to the defence post the complainant's evidence, captured the complainant consuming alcohol, chatting, laughing post the alleged assault and later singling the client out to be detained by security officers.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Following the not guilty verdict, the judge ordered an inquiry into the reasons behind the \u2018reprehensible\u2019 late service of footage.The Crown Prosecution Service and Metropolitan Police were represented and conceded there had been an \u2018unnecessary or improper act or omission\u2019 in respect of the failure.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The client\u2019s good character and reputation was restored. It will not be lost on the reader that the outcome of the case for the client could have been devastating, in the absence of the uncovered CCTV footage.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The case received substantial press coverage \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/prosecutors-in-dock-as-cctv-clears-financier-valentin-krzyzyk-of-soho-sex-assault-qsk7jzzfh\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"click here\"})}),\".\"]})]});export const richText23=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC secures acquittal for a High Profile Holistic Healer charged with Sexual Offences\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The client ran a renowned holistic energy healing service. He contended that his holistic healing focused on all aspects of a person, not just the physical portion where ailments were most obvious. He sought to alleviate physical symptoms by using energy to address the imbalance in each client\u2019s system.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The client, who attended as a customer alleged serious sexual assaults during the course of a consultation.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The defence team had successfully obtained the email, what\u2019s app and text messages between the complainants, client and other customers which enabled the defence to demonstrate that the complainant was unreliable and had a clear ulterior motive. On day 1 of the trial, post representations, the Prosecution conceded that the material resulted in a necessary review of the evidence. After review of the evidence generated by the defence team the Crown Prosecution Service conceded that based on the entirety of the evidence there was no longer a realistic possibility of conviction. 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It adds that \u201Can attack against one bank is an attack against them all\u201D. \u201CThe ultimate goal is to support the sector to proactively detect and stop emerging threats, to share resources/expertise and knowledge to grow stronger together as a team, and to support law enforcement action against criminal networks threatening the industry and its customers.\u201D\\xa0 The venture operated out of an office in the City of London manned by cyber security staff assigned from each of the banks and police officers from the UK National Cyber Crime Unit. However, despite joining forces with rival banks and law enforcement agencies, Barclays and other banks had been unable to fend off criminal gangs in vishing and phishing frauds\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Two years post charge, after detailed legal submissions, the prosecution offered no evidence and Not Guilty verdicts were entered on two counts of conspiracy to defraud and money launder, against Narita\u2019s client. The Prosecution accepted that legally and evidentially they were unable to substantiate the tenuous link between the main conspirators and the client.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The client pleaded guilty to one count of entering into an arrangement which facilitated the acquisition, retention, use or control of criminal property, contrary to section 328 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, on an agreed basis. No confiscation proceedings were pursued.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The case received n\",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/jan/24/uk-fraud-record-cybercrime-kpmg\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"ational press coverage\"})})]})]});export const richText25=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"strong\",{children:\"VAT Fraud\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC represented the first defendant in an alleged joint enterprise to flood the UK with tons of illegal cigarettes, seeking to evade duty and VAT in excess of million pounds.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"HMRC, the prosecuting body,\\xa0 maintained that exceptionally, the main players, in an international crime ring had been apprehended.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"HMRC investigators uncovered the smuggling ring after working closely with UK Border Force and the National Crime Agency.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Crown alleged Narita\u2019s client played a leading role in the logistics and distribution of the UK arm of the international operation. 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The client was extradited and proceedings resulted in the client being tried for Murder in the UK, 12 years post the date of the offences.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The case involves challenging numerous expert reports including; Pathologists, Cell Site, Telephonic, DNA and Fingerprint Experts.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The focus of the defence centred around the developments and technologies which improved the sensitivity and informativeness of DNA testing over the last 12 years.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The case attracted \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/immigration-murder-trial-mohammed-abdul-shakur-wife-children-poplar-london-a9160191.html\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"national media coverage\"})}),\".\\xa0\"]})]});export const richText27=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra QC and Laura Stephenson defend in international drug conspiracies prosecuted by The Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency (\u2018MHRA\u2019) brought a prosecution which they alleged had a substantial international dimension. It was alleged the client was the UK ringleader of the sophisticated operation.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The MHRA is an Executive Agency of the Department of Health responsible for the regulation and control of medicines and medical devices for on the UK market. The MHRA Enforcement Group includes a Prosecutions Unit who investigated and brought this case. The MHRA used undercover investigators and extensive covert surveillance methods in the course of their investigation. The case required challenging evidence which had not been obtained in accordance with Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA).\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The client was alleged to be one of the ringleaders running a substantial and lucrative drop shipping business, conspiring with others, to import prescription only medicines (POMs), unauthorised medicines and Class C drugs from the Indian subcontinent into the UK, for onward sale across Europe. A number of illicit online drug sales platforms were said to have been used in the conspiracy. The case involved detailed analysis of substantial amounts of digital evidence.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"In one raid, the MHRA seized more than 300,000 tablets, worth in excess of \\xa3315,000. The prosecution suggested that the tablets seized represented a fraction of the overall illegal operation.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The prosecution then brought complex Proceeds of Crime Act (\u2018POCA\u2019) proceedings seeking substantial sums of monies from criminal conduct and hidden assets. At a hearing this week, following protracted negotiations, Narita and Laura persuaded the prosecution to agree to an order for a significantly reduced sum. Read more \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-origin-man-jailed-for-selling-illegal-pills-in-uk/story-cAZ86GRBQYWfNZRbuc3ejJ.html\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"here\"})}),\".\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/barristers/narita-bahra/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Narita Bahra QC\"})}),\" & \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.2harecourt.com/barristers/laura-stephenson/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Laura Stephenson\"})}),\" were instructed by \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"http://gordonshine.co.uk/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Gordon Shine Solicitors\"})}),\".\"]})]});export const richText28=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC accepts Master of the Bench Invitation in 2021\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC was elected as a Master of the Bench for The Honourable Society of Lincoln\u2019s Inn.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:'A \"Master of the Bench,\" also commonly called a \"Bencher,\" is a senior member of an Inn of Court (a professional association for barristers in England and Wales) who is responsible for overseeing the governance and administration of the Inn, making decisions on matters like education, finances, and membership admissions; essentially acting as a governing body for the Inn.\\xa0'})]});export const richText29=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Defending a Private Prosecution brought by Royal Mail alleging a Multi Million Pound Fraud\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC was instructed to defend an employee of Royal Mail Revenue Protection Department who was alleged to have assisted companies to defraud the Royal Mail of approximately \\xa333 million pounds of revenue fraud and a further charge\\xa0 of attempting to pervert the course of justice.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The prosecution relied in the main upon a witness, the owner and controlling mind of the Company which had perpetrated the fraud, who gave Queen\u2019s Evidence to seek to secure convictions against four Royal Mail employees.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Private prosecutions are an extremely valuable power for Royal Mail, who have confirmed their intention to crack down and pursue offenders via Private prosecutions instead of traditional reliance on the Crown Prosecution Service.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Private prosecutions can be commenced by any private individual, or entity who/which is not acting on behalf of the police or other prosecuting authority.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The right to bring private prosecutions is preserved by section 6(1) of the Prosecution of Offences Act (POA) 1985. There are, however, some limitations:\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"ul\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) has power under section 6(2) POA 1985 to take over private prosecutions;\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"in some cases, the private prosecutor must seek the consent of the Attorney General or of the DPP before the commencement of proceedings.\"})})]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Defending in a private prosecution requires knowledge, at the outset, of what features of a private prosecution a client may be able to challenge,\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"ul\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Sufficiency of evidence\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Public Interest\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Motives of the Private Prosecutor\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Conduct of the Private Prosecutor\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Disclosure Process\"})})]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"It is only if the prosecuting legal team has acted with the required professionalism and independence that the private prosecution proceeds to trial.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Crown sought to rely on a combination of CCTV footage, cell site, digital media and telephone evidence to secure a conviction against the client.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"At trial, at the close of the prosecution case, Narita and her team succeeded in persuading the Prosecution and the Judge that there was no case to answer against their client on the charges faced; not guilty verdicts were therefore delivered by the Jury.\"})]});export const richText30=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC instructed to defend in a Murder where understanding cross cultural relationships and religious issues was key.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita was instructed to defend the principal defendant, who was alleged to have killed a man who was both his cousin and brother in law. The co-accused was his wife, who had reverted to her husband\u2019s religion and was of dual heritage.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Presenting the case for the defence meant investigating the family dynamics and how behaviour was shaped by the close family ties and culture the defendants came from, including what was expected from certain members of the family, the impact of certain actions, family values, money, hierarchy and honour within the family and community.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"This case was particularly unusual as it was also necessary to demonstrate and advance the particular challenges faced by couples in cross cultural relationships living within an extended family such as; coping with religious differences, language barriers, cultural deference, disagreements over family values, different ideas about bringing up children, different methods of dealing with conflict and unsupportive families.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"It was necessary in this case to ensure the tribunal of fact appreciated and were educated as to the complex factual and cultural matrix and background in which the offence occurred.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The case received \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-56387371\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"national press coverage.\"})})]})]});export const richText31=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Client cleared of Rape weeks after Sexual Assault Acquittal\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra\u2019s high profile client was acquitted of sexually assaulting a woman in a nightclub. The case was overturned and gained national coverage after the police failed to hand over vital security video footage until the first day of trial.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC has secured another acquittal for the same client, who was accused of raping a woman at his residence, after they shared a taxi home from a club in Mayfair.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The client had maintained all sexual activity with the woman was consensual but denied that full sexual intercourse took place.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Disclsoure revealed that the complainant had made a previous allegation of rape, against another male, three months prior to this allegation. In both circumstances the complainant alleged almost identical events. There was evidence to support that the client had been specifically targetted as a high networth mark, by the complainant, in the nightclub.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The client denied the charge and was acquitted of Rape.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The case received \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.thetimes.com/article/valentin-krzyzyk-raped-me-while-i-slept-after-night-at-maddox-club-in-mayfair-court-told-xgtfqqr2r\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"national media coverage.\\xa0\"})})]})]});export const richText32=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC Acts for Lawyer charged with \\xa3113 Million Money Laundering Cyber Scam\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC appeared at the sentencing hearing of an international money laundering ring who made in excess of \\xa3113 million dubbed Britain\u2019s largest cyber scam: cold-calling bank customers.\\xa0\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC acted for a professional, namely a lawyer, charged with conspiracy to launder money. A Basis of Plea was accepted by the Crown. The client was the only defendant to receive a suspended sentence. Representation involved advising on the Regulatory and Proceeds of Crime issues emanating from the plea.\\xa0\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Between January 2013 and October 2015 the gang took \\xa3113 million from victims, of which \\xa347 million has been recovered. The outstanding \\xa366 million is believed to have been laundered internationally to Dubai and Pakistan.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"At its height, the criminal operation made between \\xa31m and \\xa32m per week and led to police mounting the biggest cyber-surveillance operation to date, in order to arrest the group.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Some 750 accountants and solicitors were targeted by the ring. Information leaked from corrupt insiders at RBS banking group and Lloyds was deployed to deceive business banking customers into thinking the call they were receiving was from their lender.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Using sophisticated software, the bank accounts were drained while his cohorts jammed the firm\u2019s phone lines to stop them alerting their bank to the massive losses.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The operation was run like a 9 to 5 business. Techniques were extremely sophisticated, displaying false telephone numbers on the phones of victims and disposing of pre-paid phones and dongles once they had completed a hit.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The case received substantial international \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/sep/21/feezan-hameed-fraud-gang-jailed-11-years-southwark-crown-court\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"media coverage.\\xa0\"})})]})]});export const richText33=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC secures acquittal in Firearms Conspiracy\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC acted for client charged with 15 other defendants, allegedly to have conspired to 4 separate shootings in and around Bedford. The prosecution alleged all 4\\xa0 shootings were all linked and were targeted attacks. One civilian was shot.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"At the time of the trial Bedfordshire Police stated \u2018The Counter Terror threat from Bedfordshire as a whole means the county is ranked third in the country, behind London and Birmingham, in terms of risk, and we face other significant issues from Serious Organised Crime, including drug, human trafficking and modern slavery, gun, knife and gang crime\u2019.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Digital Evidence, cell site and telephonic, played a significant role in securing the acquittal of the client in the firearms and conspiracy charges.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The case attracted \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-36754570\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"national media coverage.\\xa0\"})})]})]});export const richText34=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Ex-Universal Music Media Mogul cleared of Rape\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC secured an acquittal for a former studio head at Universal Music. The client was accused of sexually assaulting a brand designer, at his residence.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The client provided a full and frank account in interview to the police explaining that all sexual activity had been initiated by the complainant and was consensual.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Jury acquittal restored the client\u2019s good character and enabled him to maintain his employment.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The case received \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/09/01/universal-music-executive-accused-sex-assault-looks-like-shrek/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"national media coverage.\\xa0\"})})]})]});export const richText35=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Positive engagement with the Prosecution, in a terrorism trial, results in a just outcome.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The prosecution offered no evidence at trial, in a case where Narita\u2019s client was charged with two counts of encouraging terrorism contrary to section 1 Terrorism Act 2006. It transpired that their client was a young man whose mental health deteriorated during the covid pandemic and went undetected.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The prosecution alleged that the client published statements on Facebook that were likely to be understood by a reasonable person as a direct encouragement or other inducement to them to the commission, preparation or instigation of acts of terrorism or Convention offences and at the time of so doing, intended members of the public to be, or was reckless as to whether they would be, so encouraged.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The defence team instructed a series of experienced experts and psychiatrists to support the client\u2019s defence.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Those reports formed the basis of enabling the defence to engage with the prosecution, CPS and Attorney General to successfully resolve the matters in the public and client\u2019s interests, without a trial.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The case appeared before the Recorder of Teeside who endorsed the approach taken by all parties involved in the case, commenting \u201Cthis is an example of\\xa0 a case which shows those who work in the criminal justice system in a very good light. Both sides worked constructively together to bring about a just outcome\u201D.\"})]});export const richText36=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra\u2019s client cleared of a 46 count Indictment containing Grooming, Rape and Sexual Assault allegations\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC represented a client faced with a 46\\xa0 count Indictment, alleging an array of rapes and sexual offences against two step children. Legal argument successfully resulted in the Court directing that the number of counts to be tried before the jury be reduced to 24 counts..\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The case was factually complex as one of the complainants had reported the same allegations to the police six years earlier but the Crown Prosecution Service reached a decision not to proceed to prosecution.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Court allowed the prosecution to adduce evidence of the earlier complaint, the reasons it was not prosecuted and bad character evidence of similar fact, namely evidence from his young spurned mistress that the client had groomed her since she was a child. The client\u2019s mistress gave evidence of incidents which she alleged occurred, which the Prosecution alleged were strikingly similar to the index grooming behaviour alleged against the client.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The client case was simply that no alleged incidents had occurred and that both the complainants and his mistress were fabricating allegations, as a result of the affair becoming uncovered. Unfortunately, the client was unable to provide any tangible proof of this motive.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Detailed written requests for disclosure during the course of the trial resulted in uncovering a witness who had been in contact with all of the witnesses prior to and during the police investigation. The defence were able to demonstrate that this witness could have suggested and contaminated all accounts.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The jury unanimously acquitted the client of all 24 counts indicted within an hour.\"})]});export const richText37=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra instructed to defend in a Private Prosecution by the Department For Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita\u2019s client had initially run a successful company, which then went into liquidation, owing creditors in the region of \\xa32.9m.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The DBEIS is the Government department responsible for economic growth, incorporating business, industrial strategy, science, innovation, energy, and climate change.\\xa0 Since January 2017, criminal prosecutions have been conducted by the Insolvency Service, an executive agency of DBEIS.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The prosecution in this case, brought proceedings under the Insolvency Act 1986 alleging 1) the falsification of company books and 2) misconduct during the course of the winding-up of the company.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/insolvency-service-criminal-enforcement-team\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Insolvency Service criminal enforcement team\"})}),\" identifies and prosecutes fraud in companies by prosecuting breaches of Insolvency and Company Law.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Once DBEIS accept a complaint about alleged criminality by a bankrupt or relating to the affairs of a limited company, Investigating Officers will conduct a criminal investigation \u2013 gathering evidence and taking witness statements \u2013 or may refer the case to other regulatory agencies for enforcement.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Individuals under investigation will usually be invited to an interview under caution. They are entitled to legal representation.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"A DBEIS lawyer then applies the Code for Crown Prosecutors and assess whether there is enough evidence against the individual to provide a realistic prospect of conviction, and, if so, whether it is in the public interest for the prosecution to be brought.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"If DBEIS is successful, save for exceptional circumstances, a confiscation order (under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002) and a director\u2019s disqualification order (under the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986) will usually follow a conviction.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Prosecution may have resulted from public scrutiny of government agencies\u2019 apparent \u2018light-touch\u2019 regulation of white-collar offending, resulting in an increasing pressure on government agencies to bring criminal prosecutions.\\xa0\"})]});export const richText38=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC is considered a specialist in Defending and Disclosure. Appearing as a regular author in may publications, including Counsel Magazine.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita\u2019s article: \u2018Disclosure: coming to a screen near you\u2019 was an appreciated read for practitioners.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Following the publication of the successful original practitioner\u2019s Disclosure guide: Tackling Disclosure in the Criminal Courts, Narita Bahra KC & Don Ramble take a fresh look at Disclosure from a digital perspective, The second practitioners guide to Disclosure focuses on the Crown Court Digital Case System, the AG\u2019s Disclosure Guidelines and CPIA Code of Practice.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"Read the full article \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.counselmagazine.co.uk/articles/disclosure-coming-to-a-screen-near-you\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"here\"})}),\".\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"img\",{alt:\"\",className:\"framer-image\",height:\"415\",src:\"https://framerusercontent.com/images/MuZkvWMpuDgmsf1W3onujB9M1HE.jpg\",srcSet:\"https://framerusercontent.com/images/MuZkvWMpuDgmsf1W3onujB9M1HE.jpg 593w\",style:{aspectRatio:\"593 / 831\"},width:\"296\"})]});export const richText39=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC instructed to Represent the First Defendant in the Cathays Murder.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The trial of 4 defendants lasted 8 weeks before a High Court judge in Cardiff, Wales. The victim was an 18 year old who was stabbed 21 times in a lane near to the Cardiff University Students Union. Multiple eye-witnesses from the University saw the attack and gave evidence for the prosecution.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The defence challenged the prosecution pathologist\u2019s evidence in support of the defendants\u2019 case of self- defence. This involved detailed cross examination of the pathologist to establish the precise cause of the multiple wounds, the effect of intoxication levels of the deceased, and a detailed analysis of the weapons used to inflict the wounds.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Serious knife crime is defined as any assault, robbery, threat to kill, murder, attempted murder or sexual offence involving a knife or sharp instrument. A recent BBC survey revealed that London, Manchester, Liverpool, Slough and Nottingham are all in the top 25 most dangerous places in England and Wales for serious knife crime. The safest areas included Wales. These statistics provide some explanation as to why this case took on such a high profile in Wales.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Criminologists, sociologists and youth workers have been attempting to make sense of youth gang violence. The research reveals that whilst gang members\u2019 lifestyles may initially appear bewildering, it was possible to see a logic and a structure in the choices these young people make that lead to the violence they inflict and suffer. Separately, they came to strikingly similar conclusions about the complex causes of that violence. Unsurprisingly, the findings revealed that economic and social factors result in a small number of young people becoming marginalised, and then attempting to make their way in life in the brutal and unpredictable world of the drug trade.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"Please read more \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-48495184\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"here\"})}),\".\"]})]});export const richText40=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC instructed to defend client charged with international conspiracies to import and supply drugs, firearms and money laundering.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC acted for the principal defendant in a case concerning international drugs conspiracies to import and supply class A and B drugs, associated money laundering, and possession of prohibited firearms and ammunition. The case was prosecuted and investigated by officers of the Organised Crime Partnership \u2013 a collaboration between the National Crime Agency and the Metropolitan Police.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The prosecution alleged that the client was a key participant in the drugs conspiracies, importing and then supplying class A and B drugs nationwide. A large scale cannabis factory was also discovered in the UK. It was alleged that millions of pounds in cash were moved between international jurisdictions. The case relied heavily on telephonic evidence, including encrochat devices.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"As a result of a series of successful disclosure requests and representations made by the defence team,\\xa0 the prosecution reviewed the case against the client five days into the trial and ultimately offered no evidence on the five conspiracy counts, both importing and supplying, indicted against the client.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"To achieve this successful outcome, the defence had to challenge the evidence in these key areas, with the assistance of expert witnesses:\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"ul\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Telephone and Cell Site evidence\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) data\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Forensic and DNA evidence\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Covert recordings and surveillance\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Firearms evidence\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Financial Evidence\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Drugs analysis\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"CCTV and Imagery\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Computer and digital forensics\"})})]})]});export const richText41=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC wins the Asian Women of Achievement Award for the Professions Category.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"Watch the announcement \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://youtu.be/DBjpe3aKaA8?t=3424\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"here.\"})})]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"img\",{alt:\"\",className:\"framer-image\",height:\"246\",src:\"https://framerusercontent.com/images/DINVaX56gmiXiIE90nmKACOS3I.jpg\",srcSet:\"https://framerusercontent.com/images/DINVaX56gmiXiIE90nmKACOS3I.jpg?scale-down-to=512 512w,https://framerusercontent.com/images/DINVaX56gmiXiIE90nmKACOS3I.jpg 948w\",style:{aspectRatio:\"948 / 492\"},width:\"474\"})]});export const richText42=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC instructed to defend in Decapitation Murder at the Central Criminal Court\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The case involved complex mental health defences and numerous medical experts were called on behalf of the defence.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The case attracted \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/sword-murder-mother-decapitate-philip-tarver-surrey-a9699026.html\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"national media coverage.\\xa0\"})})]})]});export const richText43=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC deemed Criminal Lawyer of the Year 2019\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Asian Legal Awards came into existence in 1994 and this year saw the celebration of their 25th anniversary.\\xa0 The awards ceremony is dedicated to and is renowned for promoting and celebrating the achievements of Asian lawyers in the legal profession.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"br\",{className:\"trailing-break\"})})]});export const richText44=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC secures acquittal for client charged with multi-million pound conspiracy to manufacture, import, export and distribute anabolic steroids (prohibited drugs).\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Arrests were made after the large volumes of drugs were seized at a London airport.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"This prosecution resulted from a growing epidemic of anabolic steroid use among image-obsessed young people. Experts have suggested that the \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"http://www.crimesurvey.co.uk/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Crime Survey for England and Wales\"})}),\" profoundly underestimated that just under 60,000 people a year take the drugs, which mimic the effects of testosterone and boost muscle growth.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The immediate effects of the steroids, which can include high blood pressure and aggression, those who work with users say people are taking increasingly high doses and for longer periods, putting them at risk of depression, heart problems and even long-term cognitive damage.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Prosecution alleged that the client was one of six individuals involved, in the mass manufacture and production of anabolic steroids, in specialist laboratories within the UK.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Prosecution sought to rely upon evidence against the client, of his company and business dealings, spanning over 9 years.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The case involved having an extensive knowledge of Medical Health Regulatory Association Regulations, Guidelines and Home Office licensing procedures. After extensive preparation and representations by the defence team, the Prosecution agreed to Offer No Evidence against their client alone.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The remaining five defendants were convicted.\\xa0\"})]});export const richText45=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"Narita Bahra KC \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://news.sky.com/story/more-than-70-uk-sex-offenders-refused-entry-to-south-east-asia-10982865\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Appears on sky news\"})}),\" to discuss the National Crime Agency intelligence-sharing scheme allowing countries in South East Asia to block access for known criminals and sex offenders.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"More than 70 registered sex offenders from the UK have been refused entry to countries in South East Asia in the last few years.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The major campaign by the National Crime Agency (NCA) aims to stop known paedophiles abusing vulnerable children in a region long perceived as a destination of choice for sexual predators.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The NCA has revealed via \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"http://news.sky.com/story/more-than-70-uk-sex-offenders-refused-entry-to-south-east-asia-10982865\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Sky News\"})}),\" that 34 registered British sex offenders have been refused access to the Philippines since their intelligence-sharing initiative was launched in 2015.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"A further 18 were refused entry to Thailand, another 18 to Cambodia and two people to India, the most recent country to join the scheme.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Although Sexual Harm Prevention Orders can be issued by UK courts to remove a person\u2019s passport for up to five years, this requires police to provide specific evidence the individual intends to carry out abuse.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"In many cases, registered sex offenders in the UK are allowed to travel, but are required to notify their local police force of their plans in advance.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"When such notifications are received, an assessment of that travel plan is carried out by a sex offender management officer.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"If there is deemed to be potential for risk, that information is forwarded to the NCA, who in turn pass it on to the immigration authorities of partner countries.\"})]});export const richText46=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC was instructed to represent a Director in a European Union Match Funding Conspiracy to Defraud in excess of a million pounds. The client, along with her sibling and another former Director were alleged to have conspired to commit fraud against the Home Office by preparing paperwork to demonstrate implementation of learning activities for third country nationals to assist in integrating them into the community for which the Home Office would provide grants to facilitate those activities.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The case was factually and legally complex.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"This was a significant and politically sensitive case, in light of the fact that at the time that the Prosecution allege the offences occurred, Theresa May was the Home Secretary which oversaw the financial aid that was provided.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The client was solely acquitted.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The case attracted \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4426182/Fraudsters-stole-1m-taxpayer-funded-immigrant-fund.html\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"national media coverage.\\xa0\"})})]})]});export const richText47=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita Bahra KC instructed to defend a client charged with an array of Money Laundering, Fraud, Supply of class A drugs and Cultivation of class B drugs offences.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Money laundering prosecutions have increased in the UK since 1998 when research identified that approximately \\xa32.5 billion was being laundered though the UK financial system. Prosecuting authorities have been working on improving tools and techniques to rectify inadequate suspicious transaction reporting, inadequate law enforcement resources, the fragmented legislation, relative investigative and prosecutorial discretion, and the problems of obtaining evidence in a field characterised by sophisticated criminality. UK law allows the prosecution to build a stand alone offence without having to prove the predicate offences. Once a finding of a \u201Ccriminal lifestyle\u201D is made by the court this technically enables confiscation of everything the individual owned over last 6 years.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Narita and her defence team succeeded in maneuvering the prosecution into a position where they had to offer no evidence on the main conspiracy to money launder offence, class A drug offences and a substantive money laundering allegation at the outset of the case. This resulted in the defence severing the client\u2019s partner from the 4 co-defendants and thereby removing any links or associations with class A drugs. Evidence of class B drugs found at co-defendant\u2019s premises were successfully argued to be inadmissible.\"})]});export const richText48=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"A Cautionary Tale for Experts by Narita Bahra QC\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"UPDATE ON EXPERT EVIDENCE \u2013 SEPTEMBER 2019\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The original Guidance Booklet for Experts was published by the Crown Prosecution Service and the Association of Chief Police Officers in May 2010 (\u2018the ACPO Guidance\u2019) and endorsed by the then Director of Public Prosecutions Keir Starmer QC. In October 2015, the most recent Criminal Procedure Rules (\u2018CrimPR\u2019) were introduced.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The importance of this guidance has become key as a result of a multi-million pound fraud collapsing (R v Sulley \u2013 May 2019) due to expert witness failings \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/fraud-convictions-in-doubt-as-expert-witness-shown-to-have-no-qualifications-jbscsvd7p\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"here\"})}),\" and \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/05/29/35million-diamond-scam-case-collapses-cps-star-witness-discredited/\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"here\"})}),\".\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The CPS have therefore, updated this important and useful document, which all practitioners should read before instructing or challenging expert witnesses.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"What are the material changes to the guidance?\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The guidance\u2019s focus still remains on emphasising the expert\u2019s duty to retain, record and reveal. It also explains, in stark terms, the serious consequences of failing to comply with those obligations.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The principles of retain, record and reveal are summarised in the ACPO Guidance as follows:\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"ol\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Duty to retain \u2013 a duty to retain everything, including physical, written and electronically captured material, until otherwise instructed.\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Duty to record \u2013 a duty to commence making records from the time of instruction and to continue to make records for the entire period in which the expert is involved. Section 4.2.2 of the ACPO Guidance makes it clear that, at a minimum, what must be recorded is the collection and movement of items; the examination of materials; and oral and other communications in respect of the investigation.\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Duty to reveal \u2013 a duty to make the prosecution team aware of all that the expert has recorded and all of the material in the expert\u2019s possession in respect of the investigation.\"})})]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The real material change is that the 2019 updated guidance now firmly acknowledges the importance of applying the Criminal Procedure Rules.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"It has always been essential that the Criminal Procedure Rules, Part 19 are read in conjunction with the Practice Direction at CPD V Evidence 19A to C. It should be noted that the recent amendment to the CrimPR was on 1 April 2019, when an obligation was imposed, via the insertion of para 19A.7 of the Practice Direction, on a party introducing expert evidence to ascertain and disclose information that has the potential to undermine the reliability or credibility of their expert evidence. The guidance makes it clear that the type of information contemplated includes, amongst other things, previous adverse judicial comment and a lack of accreditation.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The guidance now affirms this fact.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"1.2 The word disclosure is often used in criminal proceedings to refer to the disclosure of unused material but experts in criminal proceedings have a number of different obligations as to disclosure.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"1.3 Defence and prosecution experts are subject to the obligations contained in the Criminal Procedure Rules both in part 3 as to case management and part 19 as to expert evidence. Further guidance for all experts is contained in the 2015 Criminal Practice Direction that expands upon the Criminal Procedure Rules. These provisions oblige all experts to disclose certain information about themselves and their work.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"1.4 Prosecution experts have further obligations as to the disclosure of unused material.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The slim chapter within the guidance which had been previously been titled \u201CDisclosure obligations under the criminal law\u201D has now been separated into two chapters titled \u201Cthe disclosure obligations of all expert witnesses\u201D (Chapter 3) and \u201Cthe disclosure obligations of prosecution experts\u201D(Chapter 4).\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The guidance helpfully acknowledges that all expert witnesses are subject to a number of obligations to disclose information and material when preparing statements or reports for use in criminal proceedings and that it is the responsibility of those providing expert evidence to ensure they have an accurate understanding of the requirements of the criminal justice system and to meet those requirements. The guidance refers expert witnesses the Forensic Science Regulations \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/expert-report-content-issue-3\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"here\"})})]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The guidance reminds each expert to defer to the Criminal Procedure Rules (CrimPR) \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"http://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/criminal/docs/2015/crim-proc-rules-2015-part-19.pdf\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"here\"})}),\" and to keep firmly at the forefront of their mind the Criminal Practice Directions Division V, which make further provision as to expert evidence supplementing and expanding upon some of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Rules. Full details are \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"http://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/criminal/docs/2015/crim-proc-rules-2015-part-19.pdf\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"here\"})})]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The guidance draws attention to the fact that the CPD V 19A.7 provides examples of information, namely adverse findings, failures or conflicts on the part of the expert, that should be disclosed by all experts under CrimPR 19.2(3)(d).\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Chapter 4 specifically recognises that prosecution expert witnesses are subject to further obligations as to unused material and that although the material may not be used as evidence, it is important that for the purposes of disclosure this material is recorded, retained and where necessary revealed to the defence.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"It confirms that three key obligations arising for the prosecution expert; retain, to record, and to reveal and that the understanding of these obligations is the key to adequately fulfilling disclosure obligations. The relevant steps are to:\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"4.5 provides a reminder that \u201Cthe CPIA provides that the prosecution must disclose to the accused any prosecution material which might reasonably be considered capable of undermining the case for the prosecution against the accused or of assisting the case for the accused (the disclosure test)\u201D.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Checklist as to how to prepare for instructing or challenging an expert witness;\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"ul\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Ensure the expert witness and you are familiar with Part 19 of the CrimPR and the relevant Practice Direction.\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Reflect on the overriding principles of expert evidence as rehearsed by Gage LJ in R v Lorraine Harris [2005] EWCA Crim 1980 at [271] and the Court of Appeal\u2019s recent commentary in R v Alex Julian Pabon [2018] EWCA Crim 420.\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Make sure the expert has complied with the relevant formalities, as set out in the CrimPR.\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Ensure the expert has signed a declaration of understanding in respect of their duties to the court (as per CPD V Evidence 19B)\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Ensure you expert is candid in disclosing any potential skeletons in the closet \u2013 CPR amendment of 1 April 2019 requires disclosure of information that is likely to undermine the reliability or credibility of their expert\u2019s evidence. The responsible expert would be well advised to make their own enquiries.\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Request that the expert sets out their methodology, for instance the existence of independent statistical or empirical data which is capable of being independently reviewed. It is a matter of logic that if no independent review is possible, the evidence cannot be adequately tested and there will a viable argument against its admissibility.\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"As a minimum, confirm the expert has provided;\"})})]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"ol\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"A Self-Certificate\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"A Declaration\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"An index of unused material\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Read the Expert\u2019s Revelation Process\"})})]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The updated CPS guidance is helpful in that proformas of all the aforementioned are attached as appendices.\"})]});export const richText49=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Corporate Intelligence: Strategic friend or foe?\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The UK has one of the fastest growing markets worldwide for companies offering corporate intelligence and investigations services. These services can provide powerful insights for clients, and help to protect against fraud, corruption, litigation, commercial disruption, and reputational damage. But the market for private investigations is largely unregulated. The recent cases of Neil Gerard and Iqbal Khan illustrate the risks that investigators \u2013 and those who instruct them \u2013 can be exposed to. What legal and practical issues should those instructing a corporate intelligence service keep firmly in mind?\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"Corporate intelligence covers a broad swathe of activities. It can range from relatively simple open-source enquiries, such as checks on the Companies House website, to targeted surveillance involving multiple \u201Con the ground\u201D operatives. Many such firms are led and run by those who have served in law enforcement and the security services. \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jun/04/ex-fbi-lawyer-lisa-osofsky-named-as-head-of-serious-office\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Lisa Osofsky\"})}),\", current head of the Serious Fraud Office and former FBI lawyer, was until recently Head of Investigations at Exiger, a well-known financial crime consultancy. Prior to her role at Exiger Ms Osofsky worked for Control Risks, another business intelligence group.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The work of corporate intelligence services has recently been under the spotlight in the media. Neil Gerard, Global Head of White Collar Crime and Securities Litigation at Dechert LLP, made the \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-dechert-spying/london-dechert-lawyer-sues-surveillance-company-over-spying-hidden-cameras-idUKKBN1WH278\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"press\"})}),\" when he issued a claim against corporate surveillance firm Diligence International for harassment, trespass, and misuse of private information. Mr. Gerard alleges that operatives from Diligence International followed him to work, to a restaurant, and even attempted to track him on a family holiday to a private Caribbean island. It is claimed that two Diligence operatives posing as relatives of Mr Gerard boarded the same plane to St Lucia but were barred from entry to the island, whilst a third operative was intercepted by authorities at the airport. One operative, who accepted that he worked for Diligence, refused to disclose who had instructed his employer.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"Another high profile case resulted in \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-49890049\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"Credit Suisse\"})}),\"\u2019s chief operating officer resigning after it was discovered that he had instructed a corporate intelligence company, Investigo, to track the bank\u2019s former head of wealth management, Iqbal Khan. Mr Khan had recently left Credit Suisse for a role at rival investment bank UBS, and it was feared that he might take clients with him. Credit Suisse sought to address the resulting scandal by hiring an independent law firm to examine the chain of responsibility and identify who had approved the instruction and observations. The outcome was that Credit Suisse acknowledged that the decision to observe Khan was \u201Cwas wrong and disproportionate and has resulted in severe reputational damage to the bank\u201D. An unexpected turn in the facts of this case was that the security consultant who acted as a middleman between the bank and Investigo took his own life.\"]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The regulation of surveillance varies according to the activity and who is conducting it. In the absence of specified regulation, intelligence companies maintain that they work within the spirit and guidance set out in the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000. However, many surveillance activities can amount to criminal conduct, depending on how they are executed. For example, monitoring a person\u2019s phone calls may amount to an offence contrary to section 3 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016. Of equal importance is the offence of unlawful processing of personal data contrary to section 170 of the Data Protection Act 2018. Data controllers need to consider how they are compliant with the broader provisions of the Data Protection Act 2018 and the GDPR.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Furthermore, the case of Iqbal Khan case illustrates how surveillance which is intended to be covert can lead to physical confrontations between the investigators and the investigated. A claim that Mr Khan and a private investigator had an \u201Caltercation\u201D over Mr Khan\u2019s mobile phone is being investigated by Swiss police.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The moral of the story is that those instructing corporate intelligence services and investigators must take a hands-on approach to their own due diligence. What techniques does the investigator use? Is the instructing party satisfied that these techniques are lawful? Could liability in criminal or civil law extend to those instructing? It may help to take a step back and consider what the reputational and legal consequences may be if the surveillance is discovered or goes wrong.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"There is little doubt that as international business relations grow, and reliance on digital evidence increases, lawyers see a similar increase in the importance of corporate intelligence services. However, it is crucial when engaging such services that those instructing set out clear expectations and boundaries \u2013 and do so in writing. A failure to do so may result in the instructing lawyer ending up in the firing line.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"\\xa0Narita Bahra KC\\xa0\"})]});export const richText50=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Personal Assistant to Barbara Broccoli (Producer & Owner of the James Bond Empire) charged with Fraud.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The Personal Assistant to Barbara Broccoli, Producer of James Bond, and employee of EON Enterprises Limited, was acquitted of three counts of Fraud and three counts of Theft last week at Southwark Crown Court.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The basis of the acquittal was as a result of Narita uncovering a number of disclosure failures over three years of investigation. The prosecution eventually offered no evidence and not guilty verdicts were entered on the entire indictment.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The client\u2019s personal reputation and professional standing was restored.\\xa0\"}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"The case attracted \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2660312/Bond-producers-PA-denies-stealing-designer-watch-employers-order-pay-court-costs.html\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"national media coverage.\\xa0\"})})]})]});export const richText51=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"When is an expert not an expert?\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"A fellow barrister reviews the judgment in Byrne and others concerning the safety of a number of fraud convictions which relied on the evidence of a now discredited expert witness. Narita Bahra KC was the lead defence Kings Counsel in R v S and appeared for two of the Appellants on appeal.\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"ol\",{children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/t(\"p\",{children:[\"On Wednesday, the Court of Appeal gave judgment in seven conjoined appeals which resulted from the collapse of a major fraud trial at Southwark Crown Court in May of 2019 due to the wholesale discrediting of a witness called Andrew Ager (\u2018Ager\u2019) who the Crown had sought to rely on as an expert in the carbon market: R v S (unreported, but see BBC news piece \",/*#__PURE__*/e(a,{href:\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-48444605\",motionChild:!0,nodeId:\"Q6A8Xhewn\",openInNewTab:!1,scopeId:\"contentManagement\",smoothScroll:!1,children:/*#__PURE__*/e(i.a,{children:\"here\"})}),\"). The Court\u2019s judgment (R v Byrne and others[2021] EWCA Crim 107) rehearses some important points of general application.\"]})})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"ol\",{start:\"2\",children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"By way of background, on a voir dire in Sulley it was established that Ager, (i) had received no expert witness training and had failed to sign the relevant expert declarations, (ii) considered it appropriate to withhold from the defence important concessions which qualified his evidence, (iii) held no formal qualifications and had not conducted an independent review of the market, (iv) \u2018cut and pasted\u2019 witness statements to give the impression he had been asked questions by the investigators when in fact he had formulated them himself, (v) made no attempt to comply with his disclosure obligations and, (vi) during a (unfortunately for him, recorded) joint conference improperly tried to dissuade a defence expert from testifying by making false and misleading statements.\"})})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"ol\",{start:\"3\",children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"After the revelation of Ager\u2019s lack of bona fides and of his \u2018egregious\u2019 behaviour, the Crown abandoned him as a witness (as they had to) and the defendants were acquitted. The trial judge made some excoriating remarks about Ager (should never be relied upon again, etc.) and about the need to ensure that experts were of suitable expertise and calibre. It subsequently transpired that Ager had given evidence in fourteen criminal trials between 2012 and 2019 and so the process of identifying potential appeals began. This culminated in a three-day hearing in December last year during which the Court considered submissions from seven individuals convicted in four of those trials.\"})})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"ol\",{start:\"4\",children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Although the circumstances of each case varied slightly, Ager had been called to provide expert evidence about the operation of the carbon market and specifically, (i) the price of carbon credits, (ii) the viability of carbon credits as investments (particularly to individuals), (iii) the absence of a genuine secondary market for carbon credits and, (iv) whether the brokerages dealing in these instruments were legitimate. The common submission of the appellants was that the discrediting of Ager in Sulley meant that his evidence in their cases was unreliable such that their convictions were unsafe. The Court of Appeal disagreed.\"})})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"ol\",{start:\"5\",children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"LJ Fulford, delivering the judgment of the Court, found the following factors decisive.\"})})}),/*#__PURE__*/t(\"ul\",{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"English law is \u2018characteristically pragmatic\u2019 as to the test for establishing expertise, the key question being is an expert peritus, rather than has he become peritus in a particular manner (R v Pabon [2018] EWCA Crim 420). Ager had built up considerable expertise in the carbon credit market by reason of working in the industry and therefore he should not be disqualified as an expert on the basis of his experience alone.\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Notwithstanding its deprecation of Ager\u2019s failings in Sulley, the Court had to evaluate the fresh evidence (of Ager\u2019s behaviour and demonstrable failings in Sulley) in the context of the remainder of the evidence in each case. The primary question, for the Court itself and not to be answered by asking what effect the fresh evidence would have had on the mind of the jury, remained whether that evidence raised a reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the appellant (Dial v Trinidad and Tobago [2005] UKPC 4).\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"There had been no real dispute as to Ager\u2019s evidence during any of the trials that led to these appeals. Furthermore, there had been no application by any appellant to call expert evidence on appeal to suggest that his evidence had been materially incorrect. Importantly, there was abundant other evidence that all of the investment schemes involving these appellants were indeed fraudulent.\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"It would be untenable to conclude that the present convictions were unsafe because evidence that was and remains undisputed was given by an expert who in later proceedings was demonstrated to have behaved unprofessionally in the context of that subsequent case.\"})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Even applying the \u2018jury impact\u2019 question (see R v Burridge [2010] EWCA Crim 2847) as a precaution, the Court did not consider that the fresh evidence might reasonably have affected the decisions to convict.\"})})]}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"ol\",{start:\"6\",children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Unsurprisingly, the Court sought to remind all those seeking to instruct an expert (in particular the Crown) of the need to ensure that inappropriate witnesses are not called in criminal trials. Adherence to the various guidance promulgated by the CPS, together with the CPR and the CPD, should ensure that mistakes are not made.\"})})}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"ol\",{start:\"7\",children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"li\",{\"data-preset-tag\":\"p\",style:{\"--framer-font-size\":\"12px\",\"--framer-text-color\":\"rgb(33, 37, 41)\",\"--framer-text-decoration\":\"none\"},children:/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"The reality is that identifying an appropriate witness in relatively obscure fields and where there may not be a recognised academic or professional qualification (such as the carbon market) is likely to be much more difficult than finding an expert in a more commonly occurring area such as handwriting or DNA, but this judgment serves as a salutary reminder that this is a responsibility that must not be abdicated.\"})})})]});export const richText52=/*#__PURE__*/t(r.Fragment,{children:[/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"HMRC Crack Down on VAT Evasion Offences\"}),/*#__PURE__*/e(\"p\",{children:\"Information recently released under the Freedom of Information Act confirmed that the number of tax evasion cases lined up for prosecution by the HMRC nearly doubled in the last three years. 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